DanteS Inferno Essays (1497 words) - Divine Comedy, Inferno, Hell

Dante'S Inferno Brian Bozarth Bozarth 1 Mrs. Thurmond English IV ? 6 December 6, 2000 Dante's Inferno Dante Aleghieri was born in Florence Italy in 1265. In his life he composed many great works of literature, but two stood out among the rest: ?La Vita Nuova? and ?The Comedy.? ?La Vita Nuova? is a collection of his sonnets, love poems, and lyrics. ?The Comedy? is an epic poem broken down into three different parts: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paridisio; Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven. The first section is the Inferno (Hell), in which Dante is sent to observe since he cannot ascend the Mountain of Virtue. He could not go up The Mountain of Virtue because three beasts stood in his way: the leopard of malice and fraud, the lion of violence and ambition, and the she wolf of incontinence (Ciardi 27). Dante cannot ascend the mountain because they are the sins he cannot conquer without the help of God. Guided by his friend and fellow poet Virgil, they travel throughout the various pouches and circles of Hell. ?The Inferno? is a landmark in the development in European language and literature, for it stands as one of the greatest poems of all time. It's poetic beauty and the views and themes it encompasses is virtually unmatched by any other medieval poem. In reading ?The Inferno? one notices three major themes. First there is the eternal justice of God, in which Dante gives each sinner his due by paying or perfecting the sins they committed in life; the Bozarth 2 punishment always fits the crime. Secondly we see the eternal glory of Rome as the head of separate but equal bodies of church and state; Jesus Christ and Julius Caesar (spark notes). Last is the eternal danger of politics, which brought many if not most of the sinners to Dante's hell (spark notes).in 1302 Dante was exiled by the leaders of the Black Guelphs, the political faction in power at the time. We see many of these people in Dante's Inferno. One could say Dante got the ultimate revenge. The journey of Dante through hell, in both its structure and content symbolizes the nature of sin and punishment (Chuck III's College Resources). Dante uses the punishment of sins to show the eternal justice of God. There are two types of punishments Dante gives the sinners in ?The Inferno?. The first type he borrows from various gruesome and cruel forms of medieval torture and the second type is Dante's creative and imaginative punishments for sins. The borrowed torturous forms of punishment create physical and bodily pain for the sinner and designed to be interpreted literally; where the creative punishments are used to cause mental and psychological pain and meant to be understood as a metaphor. It is also possible for creative punishment to cause mental and physical pain to the sinner (Digital Dante). Some of the punishment Dante gives his sinners is borrowed from medieval torture and imprisonment. Medieval prisons were often dark dank disease ridden rooms that smelled like urine, body odder, and rotten flesh, in which naked or ragged men were chained to the walls or floors (Digital Dante). Dante used this dark dank feeling to describe the overall atmosphere in ?The Inferno.? Bozarth 3 The first cruel punishment is the one for heresy. The medieval punishment for heresy usually was public humiliation followed by a burning at the stake (Ciardi 95). For Dante the heretic was someone who believed what they wanted to and not be the doctrine of the ?Holy Roman Catholic Church.? Dante punished the heretics by being ?ensepulchered? (put in tomb) and to have them heated (Ciardi 95). This was similar to having them imprisoned and burned. Since heretics did not believe in life after death they were ironically burned alive in a tomb for all eternity. Now they know what it is to die eternally: ? ?O lofty power who through these impious gyres lead me around as you see fit', I said, ?I want to know, I want to understand:' the people buried there in sepulchers, can they be seen? I mean since all the lids are off the tomb and no one stands guard.' And he: They will forever be looked up, They will return here from Jehosephat With the

Free Essays on Love And Marriage In Victorian Times

Love and marriage- in today’s modern sense when we think of a wedding we often associate these two terms together. We think of dating and boyfriends and girlfriends and experimenting with different partners until we are sure we have found our true love. This was not a luxury that the Victorians had. The two texts that we read, Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and Charles Dicken’s Great Expectations, both represent different courtship and marriage rituals taken from their perspective time periods. In this paper I shall explore these different rituals within the different social classes represented. Views of marriage and social class in the society of nineteenth century England were very different from views in modern American society. There were two concerns when dealing with marriage in England during this time period. These issues were social class and wealth. Love was often not a luxury that they could afford when mates were chosen. In Pride and Prejudice Austin shows that marriage was not an act of love, but rather an act of survival. Women were often married off to gain wealth and stability in society, while men, on the other hand, married for comfort and companionship and to fulfill the norm of society. The marriages in this story consisted of people from the upper classes. The marriages in Great Expectations, on the other hand were primarily from the middle class. They dealt with emotions to an extent, but were primarily about financial or societal gain. In Pride and Prejudice, Mrs. Bennet wife and mother of five daughters had a simple view of marriage. Her goal was to marry each, if not all at least one, of her daughters off to the man who had the most money and was most prominent in society. Most mothers of the time engaged in this activity to an extent, however, due to the entailment of their estate, this task consumed her entire life. The story focuses primarily on two courtships- those between Darcy ... Free Essays on Love And Marriage In Victorian Times Free Essays on Love And Marriage In Victorian Times Love and marriage- in today’s modern sense when we think of a wedding we often associate these two terms together. We think of dating and boyfriends and girlfriends and experimenting with different partners until we are sure we have found our true love. This was not a luxury that the Victorians had. The two texts that we read, Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and Charles Dicken’s Great Expectations, both represent different courtship and marriage rituals taken from their perspective time periods. In this paper I shall explore these different rituals within the different social classes represented. Views of marriage and social class in the society of nineteenth century England were very different from views in modern American society. There were two concerns when dealing with marriage in England during this time period. These issues were social class and wealth. Love was often not a luxury that they could afford when mates were chosen. In Pride and Prejudice Austin shows that marriage was not an act of love, but rather an act of survival. Women were often married off to gain wealth and stability in society, while men, on the other hand, married for comfort and companionship and to fulfill the norm of society. The marriages in this story consisted of people from the upper classes. The marriages in Great Expectations, on the other hand were primarily from the middle class. They dealt with emotions to an extent, but were primarily about financial or societal gain. In Pride and Prejudice, Mrs. Bennet wife and mother of five daughters had a simple view of marriage. Her goal was to marry each, if not all at least one, of her daughters off to the man who had the most money and was most prominent in society. Most mothers of the time engaged in this activity to an extent, however, due to the entailment of their estate, this task consumed her entire life. The story focuses primarily on two courtships- those between Darcy ...

Spa Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Spa Industry - Essay Example With globalisation, the trade and business has experienced tremendous growth. It is the backbone of an economy’s growth and success and hence, the government regulatory always aim to develop trade and business by enhancing industrialization. Besides, the lifestyle of modern people has changed as there have been major improvements in their economic conditions and through process. The entrepreneurs have identified opportunities with the changing time and preferences, and they have commercialized their creative mind for business purposes. Due to emerging demands, necessity and innovations, there are a number of new industries have emerged in recent years for example spa industry, higher education industry, medical tourism industry etc. These industries have successfully identified the potential necessities in existing market and the companies in these industries are able to generate higher profitability. This high profitability also attracts a number of potential investors for in vestments purposes in these emerging industry and business opportunities (English, 2001, p.70). This paper will attempt to analyse the global spa industry and its market for UK. The spa industry is a new emerging industry, and due to its increasing demand of spa treatments, the industry growth rate is high. The primary of aim of this industry analysis is to assess the investment opportunities in spa industry. The industry will be analysed using various business analytical models like PEST, Porter’s five forces and SWOT analysis. Next, the prevailing industry trend and its strategies used by its major companies will be explained followed by an analysis for the industry’s present financial attractiveness. Then, a brief report will be presented showing the future outlook of this industry. Finally, based on analyses and findings proper recommendations will offered for making investments in this industry. Brief Overview of Spa Sector The hospitality and leisure industry are one of the booming industries. The increasing disposable income of people and their changing lifestyles has led to bring significant developments in this industry. Hospitality and leisure industry includes a number of sectors like tourism, medical tourism, hotel, spa and other entertainment sectors. As this paper will deal with spa sector, this section will provide a brief introduction of spa sector. Spa is an emerging service industry that provides body and beauty care treatments. Spa treatments includes non-medical measures like for aromatherapy, hot tub treatment, various types of massages and baths, yoga, meditation etc. These treatments are meant to provide relaxation to human body for increasing the physical wellness. The increasing popularity of these services raises the innovations in this sector and many spa companies are now introducing multiple medical treatments (Ellis, 2009). The following chart shows the different services categories that are included in Australian sp a industry. Figure 1: Structure of Australian Spa Industry (Source: Smith and Puczko, 2008, p.123) As per industry life cycle, this industry is at its growing stage and profitability of this industry is expected to increase at higher rate. Generally, the major players in hotel industries have taken forward integration strategies and offer spa services. However, the increasing popularity has led to develop retail spa sector. This industry targets large group consumers including

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Assignment Example It is only by changing the mentality of human particularly the fishermen that the aquatic life will be protected from possible extinction. It is wrongful for a few individuals to engage in practices that benefit only a few but has dire consequences suffered by all. A good example is overfishing, which destroys aquatic life affecting even those who do not practice it. 2. How were your views and opinions challenged or changed by your reading of In Pursuit of Giants, if at all?   Before reading this book, I considered humans dynamic in that they can change their behaviors depending on the situation. However, reading this book made me realize it is not always the case. This is because people continue fishing using inappropriate methods irrespective of the fact that the species they are capturing are at the verge of extinction. The fisheries management, which is supposed to facilitate conservation of aquatic life, involve themselves in corrupt deals, which end up worsening the crisis. I t is pathetic to realize that the same governments that obtain a lot of revenue from export of fish are doing little to protect the life of the endangered fish species. 3. Name three industrial fishing practices mentioned in the book, and explain how they create bycatch and harm marine life.   Fishing can be done in large scale or small scale. Fishing is a practice that leads to killing of the highest number of animals. Large scale, commercial or industrial fishing entails capturing of large quantities of fish. In most large-scale fishing, destructive fishing methodologies are used, which leads to inadvertent capture of immature fishes as well as other aquatic organisms commonly referred to as bycatch. Some of the methods that lead to bycatch and have been mentioned in Rigney’s book include trawling, seining, and long lining. The above-mentioned methods are a true cruelty towards aquatic animals. Trawling entails using nets that are hooked to two t Using trawling as a fishi ng method results of both target and non-target species. Trawling, particularly bottom trawling leads to capture of large quantities of bycatch, which include all organisms that happen to be along the path of the trawl nets. Most of the bycatch die as the nets are dragged along the ocean floor while other dies when the nets are hauled from the ocean due to changes in pressure. This is commonly referred to as decompression. Additionally, the method leads to destruction of the ocean beds. Mid-water trawling is another commercial fishing method commonly used in different parts of the world and entails immersing nets net in areas with high water volume. The nets are then hooked to trawl door or towed behind two boats. Just like bottom trawling, Mid-water trawling leads to capture of high numbers of non-target species. Seining is another fishing methodology that leads to large numbers of bycatch. Purse seining is used to capture fish species such as tuna. Seining involves use of nets com monly known as purse seine. However, the method leads to large bycatch particularly of dolphins that are frequently found near tuna. Long lining involves sinking long fishing lines, Bout 50 miles in length, threaded with baited hooks. The line with the hooks is then hauled behind a boat or left afloat overnight. This method is mainly used

Can the direct targeting of civilians ever be morally justified Essay

Can the direct targeting of civilians ever be morally justified - Essay Example The Second World War caused numerous consequences to different nations owing to its magnitude and scale involving a vast geographic proportion of the world economies. It has been noted in this regard that the Second World War had been commenced with the participation of the then topmost nations of the world, which apparently signified the polarized world of the 20th century, where one side was apparently stronger and powerful than the other side. Comparing the casualties caused due to the First and the Second World War, especially those suffered by the civil societies around the world excluding the military property losses, historians revealed that area bombing campaign in the latter had a more devastating result. To be noted, the concept of area bombing was first developed by the British military during the war, where they had planned to attack certain specific areas of Germany as a part of their war strategy. The decision of Britain to attack German civil areas through the bombing strategy was mainly with the intention to deindustrialize the conditions of Germany and to make the nation weak from within. To be precise, with the civilians being affected due to the warfare, it was quite likely to increase threats for domestic social as well as political unrests. Also, with the destruction of such a huge proportion of civilians, Germany would eventually become weak to afford the continuously rising need for soldiers to fight its enemies. This further meant that Germany will not be able to attack or pose a threat to any other nation during the Second World War. Therefore, it can be apparently observed that the intention behind area bombings by British on German civilians was to make the country vulnerable both economically as well as socially, with the expectation that it would eventually drive the nation away from participating in the wars. Apparently, this area bombing approach taken by the British military against Germany,

An Analysis Of Love Poems English Literature Essay

An Analysis Of Love Poems English Literature Essay The most common way people express themselves is through poems. People can express multiple different emotions through poetry, love being the most popular. Love poems can be written in different fashions. They can be written directly to someone, as in a wife girlfriend or just someone whom you care for dearly, or in a general sense. I have found it has a bigger impact when you write a poem to an individual person rather than a general poem. Poetry predates literacy and was used by ancient civilizations for oral records for their traditions, laws, and history. Some of the first forms of oral history were the use of epic poems. Some of the earliest poetry was orally recited or sung. With advancements in writing, poetry has developed into more structured forms. Poetry has veered from traditional formats to more of a free verse and prose format. As a civilization we have developed a multitude of forms of expressing ourselves. The greatest contributing factor is our emotions themselves. As our emotions develop and become more complex, so does our writing of poetry. In this we find ourselves using different figures of speech in our writing. Some of these include the use of; similes, metaphors, alliteration, and euphemism. Within these few figures of speech you will find even more sub categories such as for the metaphor; dead metaphor, extended metaphor, mixed metaphor, and absolute metaphor. The first poem that I will be discussing is How Do I Love Thee? by Elizabeth Browning. For this poem love seems to be everything. The author tries to list different kinds of love and tries to define the different relationships between them. She finds herself finding out a different way of showing her love towards thee. The author poses a question in the first line How do I love thee? (Line 1), and tries to answer the question throughout the rest of the poem. The lines I love thee to the depth and breadth and height (Line 2), My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight (Line 3), For the ends of Being and ideal Grace. (Line 4), you can see that the author uses metaphor to express her love by comparing her soul to a tangible object. In these lines I love thee to the level of everydays (Line 5), Most quiet need, by sun and candlelight. (Line 6), you can see that they are the only lines in this poem that show concrete imagery but even still these arent things that you could hold in your hands, they just describe kinds of light. Even still it is more of an abstract or vague lyric that seems to be of another world. The lines I love thee freely, as men strive for Right; (Line 7), I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise. (Line 8), I love thee with the passion put to use (Line 9), you can see the use of anaphora, where they all begin the line with I love thee, which give the poem more of a parallel structure, like as in a list of showing ways that she loves this person. With the last line I shall but love thee better after death., makes me think that with her loving someone better after death is more of a hyperbole than anything else. Overall this poem is one of the more straightforward poems that I chose. It was easier to read and understand, with not a lot of highly complicated or deeper meanings to dissect. The next poem that I will be discussing is Shall I compare thee to a summers day (Sonnet 18) by William Shakespeare. In the first line the author asks a question, Shall I compare thee to a summers day? (Line 1) it is more of a rhetorical question because he doesnt want to know whether he should do it or not he just does it and spends the rest of the poem comparing his love to a summers day. In line 4 the author hints to how summer feels short. The author suggests that summer has is only borrowing the weather, and it must be given back when its over; the author accomplishes this by using metaphor and personification. Summer is kind of like a person renting a home, and the weather is like the house itself. In lines 7-8 a problem is presented that the author will work against, that problem being that sooner or later it will all fade away. In lines 9-12 the author uses different figurative language; most of this is pointing how the author is going to save his beloved from fading away. Su mmer is a metaphor for his beloved and its beauty is described in another metaphor as something tangible that can be given or taken away. Then there is a personification of death, as the overseer of the shade, also being a metaphor for the afterlife. In the last two lines of this poem the author states that as long as people are still alive on this earth this poem will live on through them making his beloved immortal. The final poem that I will be discussing is Let me not to the marriage of true minds (Sonnet 116) by William Shakespeare. The thought of marriage is strong in this poem from the very beginning. Although, the poet doesnt necessarily think of marriage in this poem the way people typically do. Marriage as described in this poem is not a regular marriage; rather, it is a marriage of true minds, this phrase suggests a deep connection between two people, rather than a mere piece of paper saying you are married. In Shakespeares time, marriage was not just a bond between two people; women basically surrendered to their husbands when they got married and did whatever their will see fit. The marriage in Sonnet 116 definitely does not conform to this specific time periods view of marriage. So for Shakespeare to write about loyalty, fulfillment, honesty, and commitment it was surely him thinking of how he would like to see marriage develop, or quite possibly reflects how some of his own relation ships were. In the line O no! it is an ever-fixed mark (Line 5), the author describes love as an extended metaphor in which it is a star that we can see in the sky. He continues in line 6 to further personify it. This is also stating that the star is love and that it guides us in our worrying times. When the author mentions tempests I think of storms that may affect relationships, such as fights or arguments. In line 7 I cant help but think that the wondering bark could be a metaphor for the lost lover, and he is being guided through a sea of trials and tribulations. In lines 9 through 10 the author personifies love and time. In the time when this author wrote this poem time was usually a reference to death, in this instance more like death as in the grim reaper. This signifies that time doesnt have control over love, and that when time goes on it has no effect on his love. Through my research I have found that there are many different ways that a love poem may turnout. They may be for the one you love like the ones that Elizabeth Browning wrote, heartfelt, sincere, and passionate. They may also be love poems that turn into writings such as ones from Shakespeare that some are directed towards the one they love but in all honestly seem more like a self proclamation of see I can write about you and both you and I are now immortalized. Or even such they could be love poems that describe the hard times and the guiding forces that make true love one that you may have to overcome multiple obstacles to acquire. The three poems that were analyzed in this paper are all similar in the sense that they are all tied in to love in some fashion or another but they are all different in the way they express their love and or the way that they have either already acquired their true love or they are simply trying to hold one to the one they love. During the timeframe of Browning and Shakespeare poems like theirs are some of the most world renowned poems of all time. Brownings poem How do I love thee is actually one of the most quoted poems ever. Their poems have been an inspiration to countless other poets and I believe will continue to do so for all time. I hope that one day we will see another true poet rise up and be as highly known as these two have been. Only time will tell how our society will develop and influence our writing techniques.

Odyssey :: essays research papers

In today’s eclectic society, everybody’s heroes are different. However, during the era Homers The Odyssey was created all heroes had same characteristics Heroes were the people who saved people, they were courageous wise and had fighting spirit Odysseus, the main character in Homers epic poem was clever brave and a great strategist Although he has these strengths, he has some negative qualities, but most of his heroic qualities still hold true today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Odysseus possesses heroic qualities, such as bravery, wisdom, a strategic thinking and honorable Most of the story in The Odyssey is told by Odysseus, so we can say from his narration that he is eloquent Book 9 shows Odysseus positive and negative qualities When he escapes from Cyclops cave he showed that he was brave and a great strategist When he poked Cyclops eye with pike of olive, he decided not to kill him because if he killed Cyclops, he would not be able to get out of the cave. This also shows he was wise and able to think about the situation before doing anything Another example that shows that he is brave that he went to the Hades, which was a feared by many. By his eloquence and cleverness Odysseus could get Nausicaa to assist him, and his devotion to his wife makes him so able He showed sensitivity when he met his mother and when he heard the song of the Trojan War. However, Odysseus qualities are not considered heroic today are his impulsiveness, arro gance, and curiosity He struggle with these points Odysseus went to Cyclops cave because he was curious but didn’t think what may happen next When Odysseus was able to escape from Cyclops cave, he yelled to Cyclops identifying himself because of his pride That made Cyclops so angry that he prayed to his father Poseidon to destroy Odysseus The result of that is Odysseus companions all died before Odysseus could return home. If he didn’t reveal his name to Cyclops, maybe his companions wouldn’t died. Even though he has negative characteristics it shows Odysseus is just a human He is not a god or a perfect man.